The brown seaweeds of Jersey, Channel Islands

As we enter a new era, the Anthropocene, the two largest threats that face humanity are the climate crisis and biodiversity collapse (Monastersky, 2015). In recent decades, human populations have risen exponentially, placing increased pressure on natural resources. This has caused a considerable rise in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxides (NOX) from expanding agriculture and burning of fossil fuels (Farrelly et al. 2013; Hong et al. 2021). Approximately 77% of land and 87% of oceans have been directly modified by human impacts and thus, sustainable growth often appears unattainable (Ganivet, 2020).